Genetic variation of the Iranian population
https://journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008385 Genetic Study of Iranians and The CIC SUMMARY Iranians across Iran share similar DNA and are distinguishable from populations in neighbouring countries. DETAILS This research was conducted in Iran and is the most comprehensive genetic study of Iranians to date. The findings in this research are based on a study of 1,021 individuals sampled from 11 "ethnic" groups. There exists a genetic group called the Central Iranian Cluster or CIC, for short. CIC is a genetic group in Iran whose ancestry dates back thousands of years, with roots reaching the Bronze Age, about 5,000 years ago. This indicates a stable genetic continuity across the Iranian plateau. The overwhelming majority of Iranians fall into the CIC, which means they have similar ancestry and genetics that distinguishes them from non-Iranians. When researchers sampled people from regions inhabited by Persians, Kurds, Lurs, Gilaks, Mazanderanis, Azeris, Iranian Arabs, and others, they found that they belonged to the Central Iranian Cluster. There is diversity within this CIC, but Iranians exhibit this variation regardless of which part of Iran they are from. For example, you can find individuals with light or dark complexions among both Persians and Gilaks. They cannot reliably be distinguished from one another based on appearance alone. Therefore, identifying as Persian, Lur, Azeri, Kurd, or Mazanderani does not reveal a clear genetic distinction. These are cultural and linguistic identities. Genetically, however, these populations fall within the same Central Iranian Cluster. Azeris and Iranian Arabs fall into the Central Iranian Cluster, not Turkic or Arab genetic groups, respectively. Kurds in Iran also definitely fall in the Central Iranian Cluster. The study specifically points to the concept of language adoption rather than population replacement.