Babylonian
An ancient Babylonian clay tablet discovered at Uruk (modern Warka) in southern Iraq dates to the Old Babylonian period, approximately 2004-1595 BCE. Inscribed in cuneiform script, the tablet features three distinct geometric circles containing astronomical calculations. These circular diagrams reflect the sophisticated mathematical and observational methods developed in Mesopotamia, where scholars tracked the movements of the Moon, planets, and stars with remarkable precision. Such records were essential for regulating the lunisolar calendar, predicting celestial events, and organising religious festivals tied to cosmic cycles. The combination of geometry, numerical notation, and astronomical data illustrates the advanced scientific traditions of ancient Babylonia. The tablet is currently housed in the Babylonian Gallery of the Iraqi Museum, where it remains an important testament to early scientific thought in the ancient Near East.
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Maria da Conceição Prazeres Coelho
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Babylonian
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